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NEID Reveals That the Young Warm Neptune TOI-2076 b Has a Low ObliquityTOI-2076 b is a sub-Neptune-sized planet (R = 2.39 ± 0.10 Rꚛ) that transits a young (204 ± 50 MYr) bright (V = 9.2) K-dwarf hosting a system of three transiting planets. Using spectroscopic observations obtained with the NEID spectrograph on the WIYN 3.5 m Telescope, we model the Rossiter–McLaughlin effect of TOI-2076 b, and derive a sky-projected obliquity of λ = -3 +16o−15. Using the size of the star (R = 0.775 ± 0.015 Re), and the stellar rotation period (Prot = 7.27 ± 0.23 days), we estimate an obliquity of 𝜓=18 +10o−9 (𝜓 < 34° at 95% confidence), demonstrating that TOI-2076 b is in a well-aligned orbit. Simultaneous diffuser-assisted photometry from the 3.5 m telescope at Apache Point Observatory rules out flares during the transit. TOI-2076 b joins a small but growing sample of young planets in compact multi-planet systems with well-aligned orbits, and is the fourth planet with an age ≲300 Myr in a multi-transiting system with an obliquity measurement. The low obliquity of TOI-2076 b and the presence of transit timing variations in the system suggest the TOI-2076 system likely formed via convergent disk migration in an initially well-aligned disk.
Document ID
20230010806
Acquisition Source
Goddard Space Flight Center
Document Type
Reprint (Version printed in journal)
Authors
Robert C Frazier ORCID
(Pennsylvania State University State College, Pennsylvania, United States)
Gudmundur Stefánsson ORCID
(Princeton University Princeton, New Jersey, United States)
Suvrath Mahadevan ORCID
(Pennsylvania State University State College, Pennsylvania, United States)
Samuel W Yee ORCID
(Princeton University Princeton, New Jersey, United States)
Caleb I Canas
(Pennsylvania State University State College, Pennsylvania, United States)
Joshua N Winn ORCID
(Princeton University Princeton, New Jersey, United States)
Jacob Luhn ORCID
(Pennsylvania State University State College, Pennsylvania, United States)
Fei Dai ORCID
(California Institute of Technology Pasadena, California, United States)
Lauren Doyle ORCID
(University of Warwick Coventry, Warwickshire, United Kingdom)
Heather Cegla ORCID
(University of Warwick Coventry, Warwickshire, United Kingdom)
Shubham Kanodia ORCID
(Carnegie Institution for Science Washington D.C., District of Columbia, United States)
Paul Robertson ORCID
(University of California, Irvine Irvine, California, United States)
John Wisniewski ORCID
(University of Oklahoma Norman, Oklahoma, United States)
Chad F. Bender ORCID
(University of Arizona Tucson, Arizona, United States)
Jiayin Dong ORCID
(Flatiron Institute State College, Pennsylvania, United States)
Arvind F Gupta ORCID
(Pennsylvania State University State College, Pennsylvania, United States)
Samuel Halverson ORCID
(Jet Propulsion Lab La Cañada Flintridge, California, United States)
Suzanne Hawley ORCID
(University of Washington Seattle, Washington, United States)
Leslie Hebb ORCID
(Hobart and William Smith Colleges Geneva, New York, United States)
Rae Holcomb ORCID
(University of California, Irvine Irvine, California, United States)
Adam Kowalski ORCID
(University of Colorado Boulder Boulder, Colorado, United States)
Jessica E. Libby-Roberts ORCID
(Pennsylvania State University State College, Pennsylvania, United States)
Andrea S J Lin ORCID
(Pennsylvania State University State College, Pennsylvania, United States)
Michael W McElwain ORCID
(Goddard Space Flight Center Greenbelt, Maryland, United States)
Joe P Ninan ORCID
(Tata Institute of Fundamental Research Mumbai, Maharashtra, India)
Cristobal Petrovich ORCID
(Pontifical Catholic University of Chile Santiago, Región Metropolitana de Santiago, Chile)
Arpita Roy ORCID
(Space Telescope Science Institute Baltimore, Maryland, United States)
Christian Schwab ORCID
(Macquarie University Sydney, New South Wales, Australia)
Ryan C Terrien ORCID
(Carleton College Northfield, Minnesota, United States)
Jason T Wright ORCID
(Pennsylvania State University State College, Pennsylvania, United States)
Date Acquired
July 25, 2023
Publication Date
February 21, 2023
Publication Information
Publication: The Astrophysical Journal Letters
Publisher: American Astronomical Society
Volume: 944
Issue: 2
Issue Publication Date: February 20, 2023
ISSN: 2041-8205
e-ISSN: 2041-8213
Subject Category
Astrophysics
Funding Number(s)
WBS: 411672.07.04.02.01
CONTRACT_GRANT: HQ NASA APAC
CONTRACT_GRANT: 80HQTR21CA005
CONTRACT_GRANT: 80NM0018D0004
Distribution Limits
Public
Copyright
Portions of document may include copyright protected material.
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