Literature Review of Cumulative Noise Metrics Relevant to X-59 Supersonic Overflights

Upcoming studies with the X-59 aircraft will collect dose-response data to understand community response to en-route supersonic noise. This data collection effort will inform regulators in their efforts to potentially update the ban on commercial supersonic flight with acceptable noise standards. Part of the dataset will consist of end-of-day responses to the noise from multiple supersonic overflights. This document provides rationale from relevant literature surrounding which cumulative noise metric to pair with end-of-day survey responses for upcoming community studies with the X-59 aircraft. Despite its deficiencies DNL remains the most likely choice for a cumulative noise metric for multiple supersonic overflights because 1) it is widely used for other transportation noise sources and 2) its relevance for infrequent events is somewhat plausible, unlike some recent alternative metrics.