High Level Architecture (HLA) as a Research Tool for Advanced Air Mobility (AAM)

In this document, a NASA investigation into the High-Level Architecture (HLA) standard for distributed simulation as a means of furthering Advanced Air Mobility (AAM) research is illustrated along with a description of the evolution of distributed simulation leading to the HLA standard. HLA enables efficient definition and insertion of components and participants in simulation sessions. Novel concepts can be added or removed as the work evolves. A general history of the HLA standard is described to show past needs for improved methods of distributed simulation, particularly among participating laboratories in separate locations, as well as previous applications of HLA simulation to airspace research. These examples from the past illustrate how new and emerging concepts can be simulated by layering notional ideas over simulated current-day systems and capabilities in a controlled environment for examination.

In the 1990s, the Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) and the MITRE Corporation performed joint research into then-emergent capabilities in the National Airspace System (NAS). In the early 2000s, the MITRE Corporation developed an open, extendable set of objects and protocols designed for global and collaborative aviation research called AviationSimNet, which has HLA as its foundation. This led to NASA and the FAA using AviationSimNet to connect laboratories for AAM research, resulting in the NASA/FAA Laboratory Integrated Test Environment (NFLITE). The underlying capabilities of HLA enabled testing a notional interaction between AAM and legacy ATC systems that resulted in AAM vehicles receiving beacon codes for identification on ATC screens in Class C airspace. The potential next steps in this work include defining and examining notional interactions between AAM and legacy ATC systems within Class B airspace.