Biofabrication in Space - A Perspective

Human exploration of Mars is one of the primary goals of NASA. A three-year human exploration mission to Mars is a viable design reference mission (Design Reference Mission). If we are sending a four member crew, comprehensive understanding of the health conditions of the crew is important. Based on the biomedical results of long-duration crew members at ISS, and during gravitational transitions, a few maladaptation have been observed. Discovering the root-cause of these aberrations and finding suitable mitigations at the molecular and cellular levels are of importance for a successful mission. Developing and executing the technologies to carry out tissue generation in space as well as the development of an analog hardware for tissue generation under terrestrial conditions will be discussed. These tissues were typically used to develop disease models and drug toxicology studies for several weeks and many other applications. The significant progress made during the last two decades have unfolded developments in organ generation, stem cell generation in space. When you remove the gravitational force during these cellular building processes while in space, other forces like surface tension, intermolecular forces, Coriolis force, loss of convection, reduced shear force, dominate the environment leading to behavior that we may not observe under terrestrial conditions. Based on these discoveries, the fundamental mechanisms could be better understood and new insights into bioprocesses could be developed for an exciting future.