Deep Space Radiation Measurements and Crew Radiation Protection for the NASA Artemis Program

Radiation is a key hazard of space travel, particularly beyond the protection of Earth’s magnetic field in low Earth orbit. The space radiation environment is highly dynamic, consisting of multiple hazards, including trapped particle belts, galactic cosmic rays, and energetic solar particle events. We present radiation measurements obtained with a variety of radiation instruments flown on the Artemis I lunar mission and the Biosentinel deep space satellite, now over 60 million kilometers from Earth. We explore how these technologies will inform crew protection strategies for Artemis II and Artemis III, including storm sheltering and radiation operations during lunar surface spacewalks. Finally, we briefly discuss future technologies aimed at safeguarding crews from space weather events.