Climatic variations on Mars. I - Astronomical theory of insolation

Description of variations in the solar insolation on Mars that result from oscillations of the orbital eccentricity and the obliquity of the planet. Changes in the eccentricity and obliquity are produced by gravitation perturbations from the sun and the other planets, and a detailed account of the time evolution of these quantities is given. Particular attention is paid to the obliquity oscillations, which exert a strong influence on the climate of Mars. Changes in the earth's obliquity are also calculated, and its behavior is contrasted with that of Mars. Although the eccentricity produces important north-south seasonal asymmetries, a change in the obliquity causes a strong latitudinal redistribution of the solar insolation. Especially noteworthy is the fact that the yearly insolation at the poles of Mars varies by over 100% between the extremes of the obliquity range.