Spectrum-orbit utilization - An overview

This paper discusses the problems associated with the efficient utilization of the natural resources of frequency spectrum and geo-stationary orbital arc. The nature of these resources is explained and their quantities are estimated. The present and projected future demand for them is given, and the problem areas are identified and discussed. Special emphasis is placed on mutual interference, launch limitations, propagation effects, and operational restrictions. The technical factors bearing on these problems, such as antenna patterns, modulation methods, emission restrictions, equipment characteristics, and system requirements, are discussed in detail. Some important trade-offs are presented, and special techniques that can be used to increase spectrum-orbit utilization are described. Particular emphasis is given throughout to U.S. domestic satellite communication systems.