Radio metric direction finding - A new approach to deep space navigation

The paper explores an alternate technique for the determination of the angular position and velocity of deep-space probes, wherein the two-way range and Doppler measurements are abandoned for large portions of the mission in favor of differential one-way measurements. The spacecraft employs a wideband beacon rather than a coherent transponder, and differential measurements of one-way range and perhaps range rate are made between the spacecraft and each of three tracking stations. Advantages include the following: (1) Range measurements do not require the long horizon-to-horizon Doppler passes, so that the tracking stations can be released to support other functions of the deep space network. (2) Improved accuracy in the angular coordinates of the spacecraft can be obtained. (3) The need for an uplink is eliminated. A system implementation of the concept is developed that appears economically feasible and achieves a 0.05 microrad baseline accuracy