Steady-state vortex-line density in turbulent He II counterflow

We have measured the steady-state vortex-line density in turbulent counterflow using a second-sound-burst technique as a local probe. Contrary to the Vinen theory and previous assumptions, we find substantial line-density inhomogeneity and strong departures from the predicted heat-current dependence. Anomalous behavior of the line density at higher heat currents provides evidence for a new secondary flow state.