Solar magnetic fields - The generation of emerging flux

X-ray observations have provided information about magnetic fields on the sun, and the implications of these observations are discussed. The pattern of small-scale flux emergence is quite different from that of active regions. It is inferred that the small-scale fields originate fairly high in the convective zone, while the fields in active regions have a deeper origin. The small-scale turbulent fields are only loosely related to the fields that define the normal solar cycle. The way in which dynamo models must be modified in the light of these results is indicated.