New electromagnetic mode in a non-Maxwellian high-beta plasma

An electromagnetic (EM) mode outside of the electron cyclotron frequency in a dense plasma discharge is reported. The experimental plasma was generated in a weak, uniform magnetic field and natural magnetic fluctuations were monitored and examined for cross correlations. Wave dispersion, propagation direction polarization and the electron velocity distribution were also derived. The fluctuations observed were neither cyclotron harmonic waves nor whistlers and consisted of circularly polarized waves propagating along field lines in 3-6 cm diam flux tubes. The mode was carried away from the cathode by streaming energetic electrons. The results may be pertinent in studies of EM modes in auroral arcs or magnetic fluctuations in tokamaks with runaway electrons.