Cloud chemistry on Jupiter

Chemical equilibrium models used currently to interpret observations of Jupiter are reexamined using new data defining thermal profiles, which are substantially different from those used in the previous models. A model is developed for the chemical reactions controlling the composition of the upper troposphere on Jupiter, specifically the cloud-forming region from 10 bar to 0.1 bar, which includes, for the first time, the effects of aqueous chemistry on the composition and the vertical distribution of many measurable species in the atmosphere, identifying the factors influencing their abundances above the H2O cloud. The thermodynamic data for potential condensates on Jupiter, i.e., NH3(s), NH4SH(s), (NH4)2S(s), and H2S(s), are reexamined, recognizing the lack of data on sulfides for the temperature range of interest on Jupiter. Vertical profiles of mixing ratios for CO2, H2S, NH3, and H2, obtained for several assumed bulk abundances with respect to solar, are presented.