Uranian ring orbits from earth-based and Voyager occultation observations

A novel kinematical model of the Uranian rings has been derived from Voyager occultation timings and earth-based observations of the occultations of U23, U25, and U28, to yield an improved orbit solution that is accurate to about 1 km in the ring plane; this allows a critical comparison to be conducted between ring locations and suspected resonances. The gamma ring is noted to have a peculiar orbit that combines a precessing elliptical ring with a radially-oscillating normal mode. The kinematical model confirms the suspected association of resonances between the 1986U7 and 1986U8 satellites with some of the rings.