Photo-sensitized ignition of hydrogen/oxygen mixtures for hypersonic flight vehicles

An approach toward improving supersonic ignition and combustion efficiency was investigated under a feasibility program with NASA-Ames. The idea is to selectively irradiate targetted species in the combustion zone. The ensuing photodissociation reactions produce highly reactive radicals which modify the gas phase kinetics. The overall objective of this research was to demonstrate photosensitized ignition of H2/O2 mixtures, and to gain a preliminary understanding of the ignition mechanism, especially as it pertains to the concept of supersonic combustion. To this end, a series of experiments were performed with a model sensitizer, NO2. At subatmospheric pressures and moderate temperatures (above 100 F), mixtures of H2/O2/NO2 are ignitable by a pulsed eximer laser at 308 nm, 115 to 200 mJ. Ignitability was found to be a function of NO2 pressure, temperature, laser energy per pulse, and laser lens focal length (fluence at focal volume). Mixtures could not be ignited in the absence of the sensitizer. While increasing temperature improved sensitized ignition in the lower temperature range, a retarding effect was observed at the highest temperatures. To more thoroughly understand these thermal effects, the UV-Vis and IR spectra of NO2 and H2/O2/NO2 mixtures were studied over the temperature range 70 to 900 F. Initially, increasing temperature shifts the N2O4 in a reversible reaction to 2 NO2 equilibrium toward NO2, favoring photochemical ignition. However, at still higher temperature, NO2 converts to non-absorbing NO + 1/2 O2, thus preventing photosensitized ignition.