Eccentric gravitational instabilities in nearly Keplerian disks

The growth of global gravitational instabilities in young stellar objects (YSOs) with associated circumstellar disks is studied. The possibility that the accretion ultimately owes its origin to the growth of spiral gravitational instabilities is explored. The results indicate that YSO disks will be unstable to the growth of eccentric distortions which have growth rates comparable to the orbital frequency at the outer edge of the disk. Thus, the distortions grow on nearly a dynamical time scale. Perturbations with m = 1 force the star to move from the center of mass and thereby transfer angular momentum to the stellar orbit. Depending on whether or not an axisymmetric stability parameter Q barrier exists near the corotation radius of the disturbance, this coupling may lead to mass accretion or to the formation of a binary companion from the disk, or both.