Fortified LEWICE with viscous effects

A method for computing the prediction of ice shapes on airfoils and their effects on the airfoil lift and drag coefficients are described. The previously developed LEWICE code has been modified to avoid problems due to multiple stagnation points. The interactive boundary-layer method developed by Cebeci has been incorporated into LEWICE to improve the accuracy of predicting ice shapes as well as to compute the performance characteristics of iced airfoils. The paper also presents ice shapes calculated without and with viscous effects, the consequences for aerodynamic properties, particulary lift and drag, and evaluation of the time steps used in the ice accretion process.