Early mantle differentiation and its thermal consequences

This paper discusses early events (i.e., pre-3.8 Ga) leading to the mantle differentiation. Arguments are presented in favor of a pre-3.8 Ga basaltic crust covering the earth to balance the depletion of the mantle source of Archean continental crust. It is shown that isotopic and chemical considerations of surviving Archean rocks require the existence of a region enriched in Nd throughout much of the early and middle Archean, which was distinct from the continental crust. Data are presented on the essential mass balance for Nd between the depleted mantle and the enriched reservoir, showing that the enriched reservoir must have contained a large (about 30-70 percent) fraction of the total Nd inventory of the differentiated crust-mantle system at 3.8 Ga.