On-orbit servicing for USAF space missions: A phased development approach

On-orbit servicing has been studied for years by the U.S. Air Force Space Systems Division--which recently cosponsored the Space Assembly, Maintenance, and Servicing Study with NASA and SDIO; but an Air force servicing program has yet to emerge. The Air Force has a limited set of servicing requirements, and the practices of 'pipelining' (incremental improvements to a space vehicle series) and orbital sparing provide many similar benefits. It is postulated that an Air Force Program will be initiated in response to a new critical mission requirement that calls for a spacecraft with the operational character of a Servicer, which will evolve into a servicing program. Such a requirement may be emerging. The Air Force organizations charged with on-orbit test safety for the Department of Defense are concerned with the hazard from uncontrolled reentry of low Earth orbit test spacecraft, which are increasing in number. Analysis and observations of actual reentries show that debris reaches the Earth's surface. A phased development of a system to remove these spacecraft from orbit can evolve into a servicing program.