Enhancement of Aircraft Ground Handling Simulation Capability

This report is a guide to methods of representing in a flight simulator, the stability and control of an aircraft on the ground. It updates an earlier publication, AGARDograph 285, in the light of simulation technology improvements over a ten year period. Emphasis is placed on the modeling of the vehicle dynamics, and on the modeling of the tire forces generated by the runway surface. Areas are identified where some current simulators are deficient. The different needs of pilot-in-the-loop and non-real-time simulations are discussed, and topics for further research are identified.