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Training for Aviation Decision Making: The Naturalistic Decision Making PerspectiveThis paper describes the implications of a naturalistic decision making (NDM) perspective for training air crews to make flight-related decisions. The implications are based on two types of analyses: (a) identification of distinctive features that serve as a basis for classifying a diverse set of decision events actually encountered by flight crews, and (b) performance strategies that distinguished more from less effective crews flying full-mission simulators, as well as performance analyses from NTSB accident investigations. Six training recommendations are offered: (1) Because of the diversity of decision situations, crews need to be aware that different strategies may be appropriate for different problems; (2) Given that situation assessment is essential to making a good decision, it is important to train specific content knowledge needed to recognize critical conditions, to assess risks and available time, and to develop strategies to verify or diagnose the problem; (3) Tendencies to oversimplify problems may be overcome by training to evaluate options in terms of goals, constraints, consequences, and prevailing conditions; (4) In order to provide the time to gather information and consider options, it is essential to manage the situation, which includes managing crew workload, prioritizing tasks, contingency planning, buying time (e.g., requesting holding or vectors), and using low workload periods to prepare for high workload; (5) Evaluating resource requirements ("What do I need?") and capabilities ("'What do I have?" ) are essential to making good decisions. Using resources to meet requirements may involve the cabin crew, ATC, dispatchers, and maintenance personnel; (6) Given that decisions must often be made under high risk, time pressure, and workload, train under realistic flight conditions to promote the development of robust decision skills.
Document ID
20020038905
Acquisition Source
Ames Research Center
Document Type
Conference Paper
Authors
Orasanu, Judith
(NASA Ames Research Center Moffett Field, CA United States)
Shafto, Michael G.
Date Acquired
August 20, 2013
Publication Date
January 1, 1995
Subject Category
Man/System Technology And Life Support
Meeting Information
Meeting: Annual Meeting of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society
Location: San Diego, CA
Country: United States
Start Date: October 9, 1995
End Date: October 11, 1995
Funding Number(s)
PROJECT: RTOP 199-06-12-23
Distribution Limits
Public
Copyright
Work of the US Gov. Public Use Permitted.

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