New Approaches for Exploration Beyond Low Earth Orbit

Through the work of the NASA Exploration Team (NEXT), innovations in mission architectures have been developed. Missions beyond low Earth orbit have been dramatically simplified through new combinations in the application of advanced technologies and mission design. These concepts enable a stepping stone approach to discovery driven, technology enabled exploration. The architectures have evolved from the interest in easily reaching the poles of the moon, to take advantage of the water ice that is believed to exist in the permanently dark craters. The Polar Regions also have areas that are consistently sunlit, providing a constant source of power. By staging these missions from the Earth-Moon Lagrange point, L1, other sites on the lunar surface can be reached as easily as the polar sites. Through studying this approach to lunar exploration, and combining new trajectory approaches the staging of other missions from L1 has begun to look attractive. The possibilities of missions include the assembly and maintenance of arrays of telescopes for emplacement at the Earth-Sun L2, and travel to Mars. The resulting numbers and masses of vehicles required are greatly reduced. Vehicle design concepts are developed for proof of concept, to validate mission approaches and understand the value of new technologies. The stepping stone approach employs an incremental buildup of capabilities; allowing for decision points on exploration objectives. It enables testing of technologies to achieve greater reliability and understanding of costs for the next steps in exploration.