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In-flight radiation measurements on STS-60A joint investigation between the United States and Russia to study the radiation environment inside the Space Shuttle flight STS-60 was carried out as part of the Shuttle-Mir Science Program (Phase 1). This is the first direct comparison of a number of different dosimetric measurement techniques between the two countries. STS-60 was launched on 3 February 1994 in a nearly circular 57 degrees x 353 km orbit with five U.S. astronauts and one Russian cosmonaut for 8.3 days. A variety of instruments provided crew radiation exposure, absorbed doses at fixed locations, neutron fluence and dose equivalent, linear energy transfer (LET) spectra of trapped and galactic cosmic radiation, and energy spectra and angular distribution of trapped protons. In general, there is good agreement between the U.S. and Russian measurements. The AP8 Min trapped proton model predicts an average of 1.8 times the measured absorbed dose. The average quality factor determined from measured lineal energy, y, spectra using a tissue equivalent proportional counter (TEPC), is in good agreement with that derived from the high temperature peak in the 6LiF thermoluminescent detectors (TLDs). The radiation exposure in the mid-deck locker from neutrons below 1 MeV was 2.53 +/- 1.33 microSv/day. The absorbed dose rates measured using a tissue equivalent proportional counter, were 171.1 +/- 0.4 and 127.4 +/- 0.4 microGy/day for trapped particles and galactic cosmic rays, respectively. The combined dose rate of 298.5 +/- 0.82 microGy/day is about a factor of 1.4 higher than that measured using TLDs. The westward longitude drift of the South Atlantic Anomaly (SAA) is estimated to be 0.22 +/- 0.02 degrees/y. We evaluated the effects of spacecraft attitudes on TEPC dose rates due to the highly anisotropic low-earth orbit proton environment. Changes in spacecraft attitude resulted in dose-rate variations by factors of up to 2 at the location of the TEPC.
Document ID
20040089780
Acquisition Source
Johnson Space Center
Document Type
Reprint (Version printed in journal)
Authors
Badhwar, G. D.
(NASA Johnson Space Center Houston TX United States)
Golightly, M. J.
Konradi, A.
Atwell, W.
Kern, J. W.
Cash, B.
Benton, E. V.
Frank, A. L.
Sanner, D.
Keegan, R. P.
Frigo, L. A.
Petrov, V. M.
Tchernykh, I. V.
Shurshakov, V. A.
Arkhangelsky, V. V.
Kushin, V. V.
Klyachin, N. A.
Vana, N.
Schoner, W.
Date Acquired
August 21, 2013
Publication Date
January 1, 1996
Publication Information
Publication: Radiation measurements
Volume: 26
Issue: 1
ISSN: 1350-4487
Subject Category
Life Sciences (General)
Funding Number(s)
CONTRACT_GRANT: NAGW-4154
CONTRACT_GRANT: NAG9-235
Distribution Limits
Public
Copyright
Other
Keywords
NASA Discipline Radiation Health
NASA Program Radiation Health
STS-60 Shuttle Project
Flight Experiment
NASA Discipline Number 45-10
short duration
manned
NASA Center JSC
Non-NASA Center

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