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Morphogenesis by symbiogenesisHere we review cases where initiation of morphogenesis, including the differentiation of specialized cells and tissues, has clearly evolved due to cyclical symbiont integration. For reasons of space, our examples are drawn chiefly from the plant, fungal and bacterial kingdoms. Partners live in symbioses and show unique morphological specializations that result when they directly and cyclically interact. We include here brief citations to relevant literature where plant, bacterial or fungal partners alternate independent with entirely integrated living. The independent, or at least physically unassociated stages, are correlated with the appearance of distinctive morphologies that can be traced to the simultaneous presence and strong interaction of the plant with individuals that represent different taxa.
Document ID
20040112664
Acquisition Source
Legacy CDMS
Document Type
Reprint (Version printed in journal)
Authors
Chapman, M. J.
(Clark University Worcester, MA 01610, United States)
Margulis, L.
Date Acquired
August 21, 2013
Publication Date
December 1, 1998
Publication Information
Publication: International microbiology : the official journal of the Spanish Society for Microbiology
Volume: 1
Issue: 4
ISSN: 1139-6709
Subject Category
Life Sciences (General)
Distribution Limits
Public
Copyright
Other
Keywords
Review
Review, Tutorial
NASA Discipline Exobiology
Non-NASA Center

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