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Emissions of Trace Gases and Particles from Two Ships in the Southern Atlantic OceanMeasurements were made of the emissions of particles and gases from two diesel-powered ships in the southern Atlantic Ocean off the coast of Namibia. The measurements are used to derive emission factors from ships of three species not reported previously, namely, black carbon, accumulation-mode particles, and cloud condensation nuclei (CCN), as well as for carbon dioxide, carbon monoxide (CO), methane (CH4), non-methane hydrocarbons, sulfur dioxide (SO2), nitrogen oxides (NOx), and condensation nuclei. The effects of fuel grade and engine power on ship emissions are discussed. The emission factors are combined with fuel usage data to obtain estimates of global annual emissions of various particles and gases from ocean-going ships. Global emissions of black carbon, accumulation- mode particles, and CCN from ocean-going ships are estimated to be 19-26 Gg yr(sup -1), (4.4-6.1) x 10(exp 26) particles yr(sup -1), and (1.0-1.5) x l0(exp 26) particles yr(sup -1), respectively. Black carbon emissions from ocean-going ships are approximately 0.2% of total anthropogenic emissions. Emissions of NOx and SO2 from ocean-going ships are approximately 10-14% and approximately 3-4%, respectively, of the total emissions of these species from the burning of fossil fuels, and approximately 40% and approximately 70%, respectively, of the total emissions of these species from the burning of biomass. Global annual emissions of CO and CH4 from ocean-going ships are approximately 2% and approximately 2-5%, respectively, of natural oceanic emissions of these species.
Document ID
20050176378
Acquisition Source
Headquarters
Document Type
Reprint (Version printed in journal)
Authors
Sinha, Parikhit
(Washington Univ. Seattle, WA, United States)
Hobbs, Peter V.
(Washington Univ. Seattle, WA, United States)
Yokelson, Robert J.
(Montana Univ. Missoula, MT, United States)
Christian, Ted J.
(Montana Univ. Missoula, MT, United States)
Kirchstetter, Thomas W.
(California Univ., Lawrence Berkeley National Lab. Berkeley, CA, United States)
Bruintjes, Roelof
(National Center for Atmospheric Research Boulder, CO, United States)
Date Acquired
August 23, 2013
Publication Date
January 1, 2003
Publication Information
Publication: Atmospheric Environment
Publisher: Elsevier Science Ltd.
Volume: 37
ISSN: 1352-2310
Subject Category
Environment Pollution
Funding Number(s)
CONTRACT_GRANT: NAG5-9022
Distribution Limits
Public
Copyright
Other

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