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Beam Heating of Samples: Modeling and VerificationEnergy absorbed from the X-ray beam by the sample requires cooling by forced convection (i.e. cryostream) to minimize temperature increase and the damage caused to the sample by the X-ray heating. In this presentation we will first review the current theoretical models and recent studies in the literature, which predict the sample temperature rise for a given set of beam parameters. It should be noted that a common weakness of these previous studies is that none of them provide actual experimental confirmation. This situation is now remedied in our investigation where the problem of x-ray sample heating is taken up once more. We have theoretically investigated, and at the same time, in addition to the numerical computations, performed experiments to validate the predictions. We have modeled, analyzed and experimentally tested the temperature rise of a 1 mm diameter glass sphere (sample surrogate) exposed to an intense synchrotron X-ray beam, while it is being cooled in a uniform flow of nitrogen gas. The heat transfer, including external convection and internal heat conduction was theoretically modeled using CFD to predict the temperature variation in the sphere during cooling and while it was subjected to an undulator (ID sector 19) X-ray beam at the APS. The surface temperature of the sphere during the X-ray beam heating was measured using the infrared camera measurement technique described in a previous talk. The temperatures from the numerical predictions and experimental measurements are compared and discussed. Additional results are reported for the two different sphere sizes and for two different supporting pin orientations.
Document ID
20060016443
Acquisition Source
Marshall Space Flight Center
Document Type
Conference Paper
Authors
Kazmierczak, Michael
(Cincinnati Univ. OH, United States)
Gopalakrishnan, Pradeep
(Cincinnati Univ. OH, United States)
Kumar, Raghav
(Cincinnati Univ. OH, United States)
Banerjee Rupak
(Cincinnati Univ. OH, United States)
Snell, Edward
(Hauptman-Woodward Medical Research Inst., Inc. Buffalo, NY, United States)
Bellamy, Henry
(Louisiana State Univ. Baton Rouge, LA, United States)
Rosenbaum, Gerd
(Georgia Univ. GA, United States)
vanderWoerd, Mark
(BAE Systems Huntsville, AL, United States)
Date Acquired
August 23, 2013
Publication Date
January 1, 2006
Subject Category
Fluid Mechanics And Thermodynamics
Meeting Information
Meeting: The Fourth International Workshop on X-ray Damage to Biological Crystalline Samples
Location: Harima
Country: Japan
Start Date: March 7, 2006
End Date: March 8, 2006
Funding Number(s)
CONTRACT_GRANT: NAS7-02096
Distribution Limits
Public
Copyright
Other

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