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Stratospheric Ozone Variations Caused by Solar Proton Events between 1963 and the PresentSolar proton fluxes have been measured by satellites for over forty years (1963-present). Several satellites, including the Interplanetary Monitoring Platforms (1963-1993) and the NOAA Geostationary Operational Environmental Satellites (1994-present), have been used to compile this long-term dataset. Some solar storms lead to solar proton events (SPEs) at the Earth, which typically last a few days. High energy solar protons associated with SPEs precipitate on the Earth's atmosphere and cause increases in odd hydrogen (HO(x)) and odd nitrogen (NO(y)) in the polar cap region (>60 degrees geomagnetic). The enhanced HO(x) leads to short-lived ozone depletion (-days) due to the short lifetime of HOx constituents. The enhanced NO(y) leads to long-lived ozone changes because of the long lifetime of the NO(y) family in the stratosphere and lower mesosphere. Very large SPEs occurred in 1972, 1989, 2000, 2001, and 2003 and were predicted to cause significant polar upper stratospheric ozone depletion (>10%), which lasted for several weeks past the events. Several satellite instruments (BUV, SBUV, SBUV/2, SAGE II, HALOE, SCIAMACHY, MIPAS, GOMOS, etc.) have measured ozone changes as a result of SPEs. The long-term influence of SPEs on ozone will be discussed in this presentation.
Document ID
20070032804
Acquisition Source
Goddard Space Flight Center
Document Type
Conference Paper
Authors
Jackman, Charles H.
(NASA Goddard Space Flight Center Greenbelt, MD, United States)
Fleming, Eric L.
(NASA Goddard Space Flight Center Greenbelt, MD, United States)
Date Acquired
August 23, 2013
Publication Date
January 1, 2007
Subject Category
Solar Physics
Meeting Information
Meeting: Workhop: Climate Variability and Extremes during the Past 100 Years
Location: Gwatt
Country: Switzerland
Start Date: July 22, 2006
End Date: July 28, 2006
Distribution Limits
Public
Copyright
Work of the US Gov. Public Use Permitted.

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