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The Role of Non-Targeted Effects as Mediators in the Biological Effects of Proton IrradiationIn recent years, the hypothesis that non-DNA targets are primary initiators and mediators of the biological effects of ionizing radiation, such as proton beams and heavy ions, has gained much interest. These phenomena have been denoted as non-targeted or bystander effects to distinguish them from the more traditionally studied model that focuses on direct damage to DNA causing chromosomal rearrangements and mutations as causative of most biological endpoints such as cell killing, tissue damage, and cancer. We review cellular and extra-cellular structures and signal transduction pathways that have been implemented in these recent studies. Non-targeted effects of interest include oxidative damage to the cytoplasm and mitochondria, disruption of the extra-cellular matrix, and modification of cytokine signaling including TGF-beta, and gap junction communication. We present an introduction to these targets and pathways, and contrast there role with DNA damage pathways.
Document ID
20080029376
Acquisition Source
Johnson Space Center
Document Type
Conference Paper
Authors
Cucinotta, Francis A.
(NASA Johnson Space Center Houston, TX, United States)
Dicello, John F.
(Johns Hopkins Univ. Baltimore, MD, United States)
Date Acquired
August 24, 2013
Publication Date
October 18, 2006
Subject Category
Space Radiation
Meeting Information
Meeting: Fundamental Concepts of Proton Beam Therapy for a Hospital Environment
Location: Palm Springs, CA
Country: United States
Start Date: October 18, 2006
End Date: October 20, 2006
Sponsors: Department of Defense
Distribution Limits
Public
Copyright
Other

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