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Flash Spectroscopy: Emission Lines From the Ionized Circumstellar Material Around 10-Day-Old Type II SupernovaeSupernovae (SNe) embedded in dense circumstellar material (CSM) may show prominent emission lines in their early-time spectra (< or =10 days after the explosion), owing to recombination of the CSM ionized by the shock-breakout flash. From such spectra ("flash spectroscopy"), we can measure various physical properties of the CSM, as well as the mass-loss rate of the progenitor during the year prior to its explosion. Searching through the Palomar Transient Factory (PTF and iPTF) SN spectroscopy databases from 2009 through 2014, we found 12 SNe II showing flash-ionized (FI) signatures in their first spectra. All are younger than 10 days. These events constitute 14% of all 84 SNe in our sample having a spectrum within 10 days from explosion, and 18% of SNe II observed at ages <5 days, thereby setting lower limits on the fraction of FI events. We classified as "blue/featureless" (BF) those events having a first spectrum that is similar to that of a blackbody, without any emission or absorption signatures. It is possible that some BF events had FI signatures at an earlier phase than observed, or that they lack dense CSM around the progenitor. Within 2 days after explosion, 8 out of 11 SNe in our sample are either BF events or show FI signatures. Interestingly, we found that 19 out of 21 SNe brighter than an absolute magnitude M(sub R) = −18.2 belong to the FI or BF groups, and that all FI events peaked above M(sub R) = −17.6 mag, significantly brighter than average SNe II.
Document ID
20170003458
Acquisition Source
Goddard Space Flight Center
Document Type
Reprint (Version printed in journal)
Authors
Khazov, D.
(Weizmann Inst. of Science Rehovot, Israel)
Yaron, O.
(Weizmann Inst. of Science Rehovot, Israel)
Gal-Yam, A.
(Weizmann Inst. of Science Rehovot, Israel)
Manulis, I.
(Weizmann Inst. of Science Rehovot, Israel)
Rubin, A.
(Weizmann Inst. of Science Rehovot, Israel)
Kulkarni, S. R.
(California Inst. of Tech. Pasadena, CA, United States)
Arcavi, I.
(California Univ. Santa Barbara, CA, United States)
Kasliwal, M. M.
(California Inst. of Tech. Pasadena, CA, United States)
Ofek, E. O.
(Weizmann Inst. of Science Rehovot, Israel)
Cao, Y.
(California Inst. of Tech. Pasadena, CA, United States)
Perley, D.
(California Inst. of Tech. Pasadena, CA, United States)
Sollerman, J.
(Stockholm Univ. Sweden)
Horesh, A.
(Weizmann Inst. of Science Rehovot, Israel)
Sullivan, M.
(Southampton Univ. United Kingdom)
Filippenko, V.
(California Univ. Berkeley, CA, United States)
Nugent, P. E.
(California Univ., Lawrence Berkeley National Lab. Berkeley, CA, United States)
Howell, D. A.
(California Univ. Santa Barbara, CA, United States)
Cenko, S. B.
(NASA Goddard Space Flight Center Greenbelt, MD United States)
Silverman, J. M.
(Texas Univ. Austin, TX, United States)
Ebeling, H.
(Hawaii Univ. Honolulu, HI, United States)
Taddia, F.
(Stockholm Univ. Sweden)
Johansson, J.
(Stockholm Univ. Sweden)
Laher, R. R.
(California Inst. of Tech. Pasadena, CA, United States)
Surace, J.
(California Inst. of Tech. Pasadena, CA, United States)
Rebbapragada, U. D.
(Jet Propulsion Lab., California Inst. of Tech. Pasadena, CA, United States)
Wozniak, P. R.
(Los Alamos National Lab. NM, United States)
Matheson, T.
(National Optical Astronomy Observatories Tucson, AZ, United States)
Date Acquired
April 14, 2017
Publication Date
February 2, 2016
Publication Information
Publication: The Astrophysical Journal
Publisher: The American Astronomical Society
Volume: 818
Issue: 1
ISSN: 0004-637X
e-ISSN: 1538-4365
Subject Category
Astrophysics
Report/Patent Number
GSFC-E-DAA-TN41614
Distribution Limits
Public
Copyright
Other
Keywords
supernovae: general

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