Parameterizing Gravity Waves and Understanding Their Impacts on Venus' Upper Atmosphere

The complexity of Venus’ upper atmospheric circulation is still being investigated. Simulations of Venus’ upper atmosphere largely depend on the utility of Rayleigh Friction (RF) as a driver and necessary process to reproduce observations (i.e. temperature, density, nightglow emission). Currently, there are additional observations which provide more constraints to help characterize the driver(s) of the circulation. This work will largely focus on the impact parameterized gravity waves have on Venus’ upper atmosphere circulation within a three dimensional hydrodynamic model (Venus Thermospheric General Circulation Model).