Electrodes for the thermionic converters, phase 2 - 3

The characteristics of electrodes for thermionic converters are discussed. A metal/ceramic Marchuk tube was constructed and operated with a quiescent cesium vapor plasma corresponding to cesium liquid reservoir temperatures from 376 to 427 K. The work function characteristics of tantalum test emitters coated with anodic films were measured to evaluate the applicability of the materials as the collector surface in a plasma mode thermionic converter. Work function minimum values between 1.4 and 1.5 electron volts were observed. The effect of the electronegative surface layers was partially obscured by additive vapor impurities detected by the clean tantalum reference emitter.