Apollo 17 heat flow and convection experiments: Final data analyses results

A group of experiments called the Apollo 17 heat flow and convection (HFC) experiments was conducted, aboard the Apollo 17 spacecraft while in translunar coast on the way to the moon. These experiments together with the HFC experiments flown on Apollo 14 demonstrated and provided data on two types of low-g natural convection: cellular, surface tension-driven convection and convection in confined fluids caused by spacecraft and astronaut movements. Observed convection onset times show that surface tension-driven convection occurs at lower temperature gradients in low-g than in one-g environments. Data on heat flow in confined fluids show that spacecraft and astronaut movements can cause significant degrees of convection.