NASA Human Spaceflight Scenarios - Do All Our Models Still Say 'No'?

We analyze the potential life cycle cost of assorted NASA human spaceflight architectures an architecture as a sum of individual systems, working together. With the prior questions of high costs, limited budgets and uncertainties in mind, public private partnerships are central in these architectures. The cost data for current commercial public private partnerships is encouraging, as are cost estimates for future partnership approaches beyond low Earth orbit.