MAGIC and Fermi-LAT gamma-ray results on unassociated HAWC sources

M. L. Ahnen; S. Ansoldi; L. A. Antonelli; C. Arcaro; D. Baack; A. Babic; B. Banerjee; P. Bangale; U. Barres de Almeida; J. A. Barrio; J. Becerra Gonzalez; W. Bednarek; E. Bernardini; R. Ch. Berse; A. Berti; W. Bhattacharyya; A. Biland; O. Blanch; G. Bonnoli; R. Carosi; A. Carosi; G. Ceribella; A. Chatterjee; S. M. Colak; P. Colin; E. Colombo; J. L. Contreras; J. Cortina; S. Covino; P. Cumani; P. Da Vela; F. Dazzi; A. De Angelis; B. De Lotto; M. Delfino; J. Delgado; F. Di Pierro; A. Domınguez; D. Dominis Prester; D. Dorner; M. Doro; S. Einecke; D. Elsaesser; V. Fallah Ramazani; A. Fernandez-Barral; D. Fidalgo; M. V. Fonseca; L. Font; C. Fruck; D. Galindo; R. J. Garcıa Lopez; M. Garczarczyk; M. Gaug; P. Giammaria; N. Godinovic; D. Gora; D. Guberman; D. Hadasch; A. Hahn; T. Hassan; M. Hayashida; J. Herrera; J. Hose; D. Hrupec; K. Ishio; Y. Konno; H. Kubo; J. Kushida; D. Kuvezdic; D. Lelas; E. Lindfors; S. Lombardi; F. Longo; M. Lopez; C. Maggio; P. Majumdar; M. Makariev; G. Maneva; M. Manganaro; K. Mannheim; L. Maraschi; M. Mariotti; M. Martınez; S. Masuda; D. Mazin; K. Mielke; M. Minev; J. M. Miranda; R. Mirzoyan; A. Moralejo; V. Moreno; E. Moretti; T. Nagayoshi; V. Neustroev; A. Niedzwiecki; M. Nievas Rosillo; C. Nigro; K. Nilsson; D. Ninci; K. Nishijima; K. Noda; L. Nogues; S. Paiano; J. Palacio; D. Paneque; R. Paoletti; J. M. Paredes; G. Pedaletti; M. Peresano; M. Persic; P. G. Prada Moroni; E. Prandini; I. Puljak; J. R. Garcia; I. Reichardt; W. Rhodes; M. Ribo; J. Rico; C. Righi; A. Rugliancich; T. Saito; K. Satalecka; T. Schweizer; J. Sitarek; I. Snidaric; D. Sobczynska; A. Stamerra; M. Strzys; T. Suric; M. Takahashi; L. Takalo; F. Tavecchio; P. Temnikov; T. Terzic; M. Teshima; N. Torres-Alba; A. Treves; S. Tsujimoto; G. Vanzo; M. Vazquez Acosta; I. Vovk; J. E. Ward; M. Will; D. Zaric; A. Albert; R. Alfaro; C. Alvarez; R. Arceo; J. C. Arteaga-Velazquez; D. Avila Rojas; H. A. Ayala Solares; A. Becerril; E. Belmont-Moreno; S. Y. BenZvi; A. Bernal; J. Braun; K. S. Caballero-Mora; T. Capistran; A. Carraminana; S. Casanova; M. Castillo; U. Cotti; J. Cotzomi; S. Coutino de Leon; C. De Leon; E. De la Fuente; R. Diaz Hernandez; S. Dichiara; B. L. Dingus; M. A. DuVernois; J. C. Dıaz-Velez; R. W. Ellsworth; K. Engel; O. Enriquez-Rivera; D. W. Fiorino; H. Fleischhack; N. Fraija; J. A. Garcıa-Gonzalez; F. Garfias; A. Gonzalez-Munoz; M. M. Gonzalez; J. A. Goodman; Z. Hampel-Arias; J. P. Harding; S. Hernandez; F. Hueyotl-Zahuantitla; C. M. Hui; P. Huntemeyer; A. Iriarte; A. Jardin-Blicq; V. Joshi; S. Kaufmann; A. Lara; R. J. Lauer; W. H. Lee; D. Lennarz; H. Leon Vargas; J. T. Linnemann; A. L. Longinotti; G. Luis-Raya; R. Luna-Garcıa; R. Lopez-Coto; K. Malone; S. S. Marinelli; O. Martinez; I. Martinez-Castellanos; J. Martınez-Castro; H. Martınez-Huerta; J. A. Matthews; P. Miranda-Romagnoli; E. Moreno; A. Nayerhoda; L. Nellen; M. Newbold; M. U. Nisa; R. Noriega-Papaqui; R. Pelayo; J. Pretz; E. G. Perez-Perez; Z. Ren; C. D. Rho; C. Riviere; D. Rosa-Gonzalez; M. Rosenberg; E. Ruiz-Velasco; F. Salesa Greus; A. Sandoval; M. Schneider; M. Seglar Arroyo; G. Sinnis; A. J. Smith; R. W. Springer; P. Surajbali; I. Taboada; O. Tibolla; K. Tollefson; I. Torres; T. N. Ukwatta; G. Vianello; L. Villasenor; F. Werner; S. Westerhoff; J. Wood; T. Yapici; G. Yodh; A. Zepeda; H. Zhou; J. D. Alvarez; M. Ajello; L. Baldini; G. Barbiellini; B. Berenji; E. Bissaldi; R. D. Blandford; R. Bonino; E. Bottacini; T. J. Brandt; J. Bregeon; P. Bruel; R. A. Cameron; R. Caputo; P. A. Caraveo; D. Castro; E. Cavazzuti; G. Chiaro; S. Ciprini; D. Costantin; F. D'Ammando; F. de Palma; A. Desai; N. Di Lalla; M. Di Mauro; L. Di Venere; C. Favuzzi; Y. Fukazawa; S. Funk; P. Fusco; F. Gargano; D. Gasparrini; N. Giglietto; F. Giordano; M. Giroletti; T. Glanzman; D. Green; I. A. Grenier; S. Guiriec; A. K. Harding; E. Hays; J. W. Hewitt; D. Horan; G. Johannesson; M. Kuss; S. Larsson; I. Liodakis; F. Loparco; P. Lubrano; J. D. Magill; S. Maldera; A. Manfreda; M. N. Mazziotta; I. Mereu; P. F. Michelson; T. Mizuno; M. E. Monzani; A. Morselli; I. V. Moskalenko; M. Negro; E. Nuss; N. Omodei; M. Orienti; E. Orlando; J. F. Ormes; M. Palatiello; V. S. Paliya; M. Pesce-Rollins; V. Petrosian; F. Piron; T. A. Porter; G. Principe; S. Raino; B. Rani; M. Razzano; S. Razzaque; A. Reimer; O. Reimer; C. Sgro; E. J. Siskind; G. Spandre; P. Spinelli; H. Tajima; J. B. Thayer; David J Thompson; D. F. Torres; E. Torresi; E. Troja; J. Valverde; K. Wood; M. Yassine

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MAGIC and Fermi-LAT gamma-ray results on unassociated HAWC sources

The HAWC Collaboration released the 2HWC catalogue of TeV sources, in which 19 show no association with any known high-energy (HE; E ≳ 10 GeV) or very-high-energy (VHE; E ≳ 300 GeV) sources. This catalogue motivated follow-up studies by both the Major Atmospheric Gamma-ray Imaging Cherenkov (MAGIC) and Fermi-LAT (Large Area Telescope) observatories with the aim of investigating gamma-ray emission over a broad energy band. In this paper, we report the results from the first joint work between High Altitude Water Cherenkov (HAWC), MAGIC, and Fermi-LAT on three unassociated HAWC sources: 2HWC J2006+341, 2HWC J1907+084*, and 2HWC J1852+013*. Although no significant detection was found in the HE and VHE regimes, this investigation shows that a minimum 1° extension (at 95 per cent confidence level) and harder spectrum in the GeV than the one extrapolated from HAWC results are required in the case of 2HWC J1852+013*, whilst a simply minimum extension of 0.16° (at 95 per cent confidence level) can already explain the scenario proposed by HAWC for the remaining sources. Moreover, the hypothesis that these sources are pulsar wind nebulae is also investigated in detail.

Document ID

20210013476

Acquisition Source

Goddard Space Flight Center

Document Type

Reprint (Version printed in journal)

Authors

M. L. Ahnen

(ETH Zurich Zurich, Switzerland)

S. Ansoldi

(University of Udine Udine, Italy)

L. A. Antonelli

(National Institute for Astrophysics Rome, Italy)

C. Arcaro

(University of Padua Padova, Veneto, Italy)

D. Baack

(TU Dortmund University Dortmund, Nordrhein-Westfalen, Germany)

A. Babic

(University of Rijeka Rijeka, Croatia)

B. Banerjee

(Saha Institute of Nuclear Physics Kolkata, West Bengal, India)

P. Bangale

(Max Planck Institute for Physics Munich, Germany)

U. Barres de Almeida

(Max Planck Institute for Physics Munich, Germany)

J. A. Barrio

(Complutense University of Madrid Madrid, Spain)

J. Becerra Gonzalez

(Instituto de Astrofísica de Canarias Santa Cruz de Tenerife, Spain)

W. Bednarek

(University of Łódź Łódź, Poland)

E. Bernardini

(University of Padua Padova, Veneto, Italy)

R. Ch. Berse

(TU Dortmund University Dortmund, Nordrhein-Westfalen, Germany)

A. Berti

(University of Udine Udine, Italy)

W. Bhattacharyya

(Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY Hamburg, Germany)

A. Biland

(ETH Zurich Zurich, Switzerland)

O. Blanch

(Institute for High Energy Physics Barcelona, Spain)

G. Bonnoli

(University of Siena Siena, Italy)

R. Carosi

(University of Siena Siena, Italy)

A. Carosi

(National Institute for Astrophysics Rome, Italy)

G. Ceribella

(Max Planck Institute for Physics Munich, Germany)

A. Chatterjee

(Saha Institute of Nuclear Physics Kolkata, West Bengal, India)

S. M. Colak

(Institute for High Energy Physics Barcelona, Spain)

P. Colin

(Max Planck Institute for Physics Munich, Germany)

E. Colombo

(University of La Laguna San Cristóbal de La Laguna, Spain)

J. L. Contreras

(Complutense University of Madrid Madrid, Spain)

J. Cortina

(Institute for High Energy Physics Barcelona, Spain)

S. Covino

(National Institute for Astrophysics Rome, Italy)

P. Cumani

(Institute for High Energy Physics Barcelona, Spain)

P. Da Vela

(University of Siena Siena, Italy)

F. Dazzi

(National Institute for Astrophysics Rome, Italy)

A. De Angelis

(University of Padua Padova, Veneto, Italy)

B. De Lotto

(University of Udine Udine, Italy)

M. Delfino

(Institute for High Energy Physics Barcelona, Spain)

J. Delgado

(Institute for High Energy Physics Barcelona, Spain)

F. Di Pierro

(University of Padua Padova, Veneto, Italy)

A. Domınguez

(Complutense University of Madrid Madrid, Spain)

D. Dominis Prester

(University of Rijeka Rijeka, Croatia)

D. Dorner

(University of Würzburg Wurzburg, Bayern, Germany)

M. Doro

(University of Padua Padova, Veneto, Italy)

S. Einecke

(TU Dortmund University Dortmund, Nordrhein-Westfalen, Germany)

D. Elsaesser

(TU Dortmund University Dortmund, Nordrhein-Westfalen, Germany)

V. Fallah Ramazani

(University of Turku Turku, Finland)

A. Fernandez-Barral

(University of Padua Padova, Veneto, Italy)

D. Fidalgo

(Complutense University of Madrid Madrid, Spain)

M. V. Fonseca

(Complutense University of Madrid Madrid, Spain)

L. Font

(Autonomous University of Barcelona Cerdanyola del Vallès, Spain)

C. Fruck

(Max Planck Institute for Physics Munich, Germany)

D. Galindo

(University of Barcelona Barcelona, Spain)

R. J. Garcıa Lopez

(University of La Laguna San Cristóbal de La Laguna, Spain)

M. Garczarczyk

(Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY Hamburg, Germany)

M. Gaug

(Autonomous University of Barcelona Cerdanyola del Vallès, Spain)

P. Giammaria

(National Institute for Astrophysics Rome, Italy)

N. Godinovic

(University of Rijeka Rijeka, Croatia)

D. Gora

(Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY Hamburg, Germany)

D. Guberman

(Institute for High Energy Physics Barcelona, Spain)

D. Hadasch

(University of Tokyo Tokyo, Japan)

A. Hahn

(Max Planck Institute for Physics Munich, Germany)

T. Hassan

(Institute for High Energy Physics Barcelona, Spain)

M. Hayashida

(University of Tokyo Tokyo, Japan)

J. Herrera

(University of La Laguna San Cristóbal de La Laguna, Spain)

J. Hose

(Max Planck Institute for Physics Munich, Germany)

D. Hrupec

(University of Rijeka Rijeka, Croatia)

K. Ishio

(Max Planck Institute for Physics Munich, Germany)

Y. Konno

(University of Tokyo Tokyo, Japan)

H. Kubo

(University of Tokyo Tokyo, Japan)

J. Kushida

(University of Tokyo Tokyo, Japan)

D. Kuvezdic

(University of Rijeka Rijeka, Croatia)

D. Lelas

(University of Rijeka Rijeka, Croatia)

E. Lindfors

(University of Turku Turku, Finland)

S. Lombardi

(National Institute for Astrophysics Rome, Italy)

F. Longo

(University of Udine Udine, Italy)

M. Lopez

(Complutense University of Madrid Madrid, Spain)

C. Maggio

(Autonomous University of Barcelona Cerdanyola del Vallès, Spain)

P. Majumdar

(Saha Institute of Nuclear Physics Kolkata, West Bengal, India)

M. Makariev

(Institute for Nuclear Research and Nuclear Energy Sofia, Bulgaria)

G. Maneva

(Institute for Nuclear Research and Nuclear Energy Sofia, Bulgaria)

M. Manganaro

(University of La Laguna San Cristóbal de La Laguna, Spain)

K. Mannheim

(University of Würzburg Wurzburg, Bayern, Germany)

L. Maraschi

(National Institute for Astrophysics Rome, Italy)

M. Mariotti

(University of Padua Padova, Veneto, Italy)

M. Martınez

(Institute for High Energy Physics Barcelona, Spain)

S. Masuda

(University of Tokyo Tokyo, Japan)

D. Mazin

(University of Tokyo Tokyo, Japan)

K. Mielke

(TU Dortmund University Dortmund, Nordrhein-Westfalen, Germany)

M. Minev

(Institute for Nuclear Research and Nuclear Energy Sofia, Bulgaria)

J. M. Miranda

(University of Siena Siena, Italy)

R. Mirzoyan

(Max Planck Institute for Physics Munich, Germany)

A. Moralejo

(Institute for High Energy Physics Barcelona, Spain)

V. Moreno

(Autonomous University of Barcelona Cerdanyola del Vallès, Spain)

E. Moretti

(Max Planck Institute for Physics Munich, Germany)

T. Nagayoshi

(University of Tokyo Tokyo, Japan)

V. Neustroev

(University of Turku Turku, Finland)

A. Niedzwiecki

(University of Łódź Łódź, Poland)

M. Nievas Rosillo

(Complutense University of Madrid Madrid, Spain)

C. Nigro

(Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY Hamburg, Germany)

K. Nilsson

(University of Turku Turku, Finland)

D. Ninci

(Institute for High Energy Physics Barcelona, Spain)

K. Nishijima

(University of Tokyo Tokyo, Japan)

K. Noda

(Institute for High Energy Physics Barcelona, Spain)

L. Nogues

(Institute for High Energy Physics Barcelona, Spain)

S. Paiano

(University of Padua Padova, Veneto, Italy)

J. Palacio

(Institute for High Energy Physics Barcelona, Spain)

D. Paneque

(Max Planck Institute for Physics Munich, Germany)

R. Paoletti

(University of Siena Siena, Italy)

J. M. Paredes

(University of Barcelona Barcelona, Spain)

G. Pedaletti

(Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY Hamburg, Germany)

M. Peresano

(University of Udine Udine, Italy)

M. Persic

(University of Udine Udine, Italy)

P. G. Prada Moroni

(University of Pisa Pisa, Toscana, Italy)

E. Prandini

(University of Padua Padova, Veneto, Italy)

I. Puljak

(University of Rijeka Rijeka, Croatia)

J. R. Garcia

(Max Planck Institute for Physics Munich, Germany)

I. Reichardt

(University of Padua Padova, Veneto, Italy)

W. Rhodes

(TU Dortmund University Dortmund, Nordrhein-Westfalen, Germany)

M. Ribo

(University of Barcelona Barcelona, Spain)

J. Rico

(Institute for High Energy Physics Barcelona, Spain)

C. Righi

(National Institute for Astrophysics Rome, Italy)

A. Rugliancich

(University of Siena Siena, Italy)

T. Saito

(University of Tokyo Tokyo, Japan)

K. Satalecka

(Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY Hamburg, Germany)

T. Schweizer

(Max Planck Institute for Physics Munich, Germany)

J. Sitarek

(University of Tokyo Tokyo, Japan)

I. Snidaric

(University of Rijeka Rijeka, Croatia)

D. Sobczynska

(University of Łódź Łódź, Poland)

A. Stamerra

(National Institute for Astrophysics Rome, Italy)

M. Strzys

(Max Planck Institute for Physics Munich, Germany)

T. Suric

(University of Rijeka Rijeka, Croatia)

M. Takahashi

(University of Tokyo Tokyo, Japan)

L. Takalo

(University of Turku Turku, Finland)

F. Tavecchio

(National Institute for Astrophysics Rome, Italy)

P. Temnikov

(Institute for Nuclear Research and Nuclear Energy Sofia, Bulgaria)

T. Terzic

(University of Rijeka Rijeka, Croatia)

M. Teshima

(University of Tokyo Tokyo, Japan)

N. Torres-Alba

(University of Barcelona Barcelona, Spain)

A. Treves

(University of Udine Udine, Italy)

S. Tsujimoto

(University of Tokyo Tokyo, Japan)

G. Vanzo

(University of La Laguna San Cristóbal de La Laguna, Spain)

M. Vazquez Acosta

(University of La Laguna San Cristóbal de La Laguna, Spain)

I. Vovk

(Max Planck Institute for Physics Munich, Germany)

J. E. Ward

(Institute for High Energy Physics Barcelona, Spain)

M. Will

(Max Planck Institute for Physics Munich, Germany)

D. Zaric

(University of Rijeka Rijeka, Croatia)

A. Albert

(Los Alamos National Laboratory Los Alamos, New Mexico, United States)

R. Alfaro

(National Autonomous University of Mexico Mexico City, Distrito Federal, Mexico)

C. Alvarez

(Autonomous University of Chiapas Tuxtla Gutiérrez, Mexico)

R. Arceo

(Autonomous University of Chiapas Tuxtla Gutiérrez, Mexico)

J. C. Arteaga-Velazquez

(Universidad Michoacana de San Nicolás de Hidalgo Morelia, Mexico)

D. Avila Rojas

(National Autonomous University of Mexico Mexico City, Distrito Federal, Mexico)

H. A. Ayala Solares

(Pennsylvania State University State College, Pennsylvania, United States)

A. Becerril

(National Autonomous University of Mexico Mexico City, Distrito Federal, Mexico)

E. Belmont-Moreno

(National Autonomous University of Mexico Mexico City, Distrito Federal, Mexico)

S. Y. BenZvi

(University of Rochester Rochester, New York, United States)

A. Bernal

(Universidad Nacional del Sur Bahía Blanca, Argentina)

J. Braun

(University of Wisconsin–Madison Madison, Wisconsin, United States)

K. S. Caballero-Mora

(Autonomous University of Chiapas Tuxtla Gutiérrez, Mexico)

T. Capistran

(National Institute of Astrophysics, Optics and Electronics Puebla City, Mexico)

A. Carraminana

(National Institute of Astrophysics, Optics and Electronics Puebla City, Mexico)

S. Casanova

(Institute of Nuclear Physics Polish Academy of Sciences Krakow, Poland)

M. Castillo

(Universidad Michoacana de San Nicolás de Hidalgo Morelia, Mexico)

U. Cotti

(Universidad Michoacana de San Nicolás de Hidalgo Morelia, Mexico)

J. Cotzomi

(Benemérita Universidad Autónoma de Puebla Puebla City, Mexico)

S. Coutino de Leon

(National Institute of Astrophysics, Optics and Electronics Puebla City, Mexico)

C. De Leon

(Benemérita Universidad Autónoma de Puebla Puebla City, Mexico)

E. De la Fuente

(Centro Universitário do Pará Belém, Brazil)

R. Diaz Hernandez

(National Institute of Astrophysics, Optics and Electronics Puebla City, Mexico)

S. Dichiara

(Universidad Nacional del Sur Bahía Blanca, Argentina)

B. L. Dingus

(Los Alamos National Laboratory Los Alamos, New Mexico, United States)

M. A. DuVernois

(University of Wisconsin–Madison Madison, Wisconsin, United States)

J. C. Dıaz-Velez

(Centro Universitário do Pará Belém, Brazil)

R. W. Ellsworth

(George Mason University Fairfax, Virginia, United States)

K. Engel

(University of Maryland, College Park College Park, Maryland, United States)

O. Enriquez-Rivera

(National Autonomous University of Mexico Mexico City, Distrito Federal, Mexico)

D. W. Fiorino

(University of Maryland, College Park College Park, Maryland, United States)

H. Fleischhack

(Michigan Technological University Houghton, Michigan, United States)

N. Fraija

(Universidad Nacional del Sur Bahía Blanca, Argentina)

J. A. Garcıa-Gonzalez

(National Autonomous University of Mexico Mexico City, Distrito Federal, Mexico)

F. Garfias

(Universidad Nacional del Sur Bahía Blanca, Argentina)

A. Gonzalez-Munoz

(National Autonomous University of Mexico Mexico City, Distrito Federal, Mexico)

M. M. Gonzalez

(Universidad Nacional del Sur Bahía Blanca, Argentina)

J. A. Goodman

(University of Maryland, College Park College Park, Maryland, United States)

Z. Hampel-Arias

(University of Wisconsin–Madison Madison, Wisconsin, United States)

J. P. Harding

(Los Alamos National Laboratory Los Alamos, New Mexico, United States)

S. Hernandez

(National Autonomous University of Mexico Mexico City, Distrito Federal, Mexico)

F. Hueyotl-Zahuantitla

(Autonomous University of Chiapas Tuxtla Gutiérrez, Mexico)

C. M. Hui

(Marshall Space Flight Center Redstone Arsenal, Alabama, United States)

P. Huntemeyer

(Michigan Technological University Houghton, Michigan, United States)

A. Iriarte

(Universidad Nacional del Sur Bahía Blanca, Argentina)

A. Jardin-Blicq

(Max Planck Institute for Nuclear Physics Heidelberg, Germany)

V. Joshi

(Max Planck Institute for Nuclear Physics Heidelberg, Germany)

S. Kaufmann

(Autonomous University of Chiapas Tuxtla Gutiérrez, Mexico)

A. Lara

(National Autonomous University of Mexico Mexico City, Distrito Federal, Mexico)

R. J. Lauer

(University of New Mexico Albuquerque, New Mexico, United States)

W. H. Lee

(Universidad Nacional del Sur Bahía Blanca, Argentina)

D. Lennarz

(Georgia Institute of Technology Atlanta, Georgia, United States)

H. Leon Vargas

(National Autonomous University of Mexico Mexico City, Distrito Federal, Mexico)

J. T. Linnemann

(Michigan State University East Lansing, Michigan, United States)

A. L. Longinotti

(National Institute of Astrophysics, Optics and Electronics Puebla City, Mexico)

G. Luis-Raya

(Universidad Politécnica de Pachuca Villa Zempoala, Mexico)

R. Luna-Garcıa

(Instituto Politécnico Nacional Mexico City, Mexico)

R. Lopez-Coto

(Max Planck Institute for Nuclear Physics Heidelberg, Germany)

K. Malone

(Pennsylvania State University State College, Pennsylvania, United States)

S. S. Marinelli

(Michigan State University East Lansing, Michigan, United States)

O. Martinez

(Benemérita Universidad Autónoma de Puebla Puebla City, Mexico)

I. Martinez-Castellanos

(University of Maryland, College Park College Park, Maryland, United States)

J. Martınez-Castro

(Instituto Politécnico Nacional Mexico City, Mexico)

H. Martınez-Huerta

(Center for Research and Advanced Studies of the National Polytechnic Institute)

J. A. Matthews

(University of New Mexico Albuquerque, New Mexico, United States)

P. Miranda-Romagnoli

(Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Hidalgo Pachuca, Mexico)

E. Moreno

(Benemérita Universidad Autónoma de Puebla Puebla City, Mexico)

A. Nayerhoda

(Institute of Nuclear Physics Polish Academy of Sciences Krakow, Poland)

L. Nellen

(National Autonomous University of Mexico Mexico City, Distrito Federal, Mexico)

M. Newbold

(University of Utah Salt Lake City, Utah, United States)

M. U. Nisa

(University of Rochester Rochester, New York, United States)

R. Noriega-Papaqui

(Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Hidalgo Pachuca, Mexico)

R. Pelayo

(Instituto Politécnico Nacional Mexico City, Mexico)

J. Pretz

(Pennsylvania State University State College, Pennsylvania, United States)

E. G. Perez-Perez

(Universidad Politécnica de Pachuca Villa Zempoala, Mexico)

Z. Ren

(University of New Mexico Albuquerque, New Mexico, United States)

C. D. Rho

(University of Rochester Rochester, New York, United States)

C. Riviere

(University of Maryland, College Park College Park, Maryland, United States)

D. Rosa-Gonzalez

(National Institute of Astrophysics, Optics and Electronics Puebla City, Mexico)

M. Rosenberg

(Pennsylvania State University State College, Pennsylvania, United States)

E. Ruiz-Velasco

(Max Planck Institute for Nuclear Physics Heidelberg, Germany)

F. Salesa Greus

(Institute of Nuclear Physics Polish Academy of Sciences Krakow, Poland)

A. Sandoval

(National Autonomous University of Mexico Mexico City, Distrito Federal, Mexico)

M. Schneider

(University of California, Santa Cruz Santa Cruz, California, United States)

M. Seglar Arroyo

(Pennsylvania State University State College, Pennsylvania, United States)

G. Sinnis

(Los Alamos National Laboratory Los Alamos, New Mexico, United States)

A. J. Smith

(University of Maryland, College Park College Park, Maryland, United States)

R. W. Springer

(University of Utah Salt Lake City, Utah, United States)

P. Surajbali

(Max Planck Institute for Nuclear Physics Heidelberg, Germany)

I. Taboada

(Georgia Institute of Technology Atlanta, Georgia, United States)

O. Tibolla

(Autonomous University of Chiapas Tuxtla Gutiérrez, Mexico)

K. Tollefson

(Michigan State University East Lansing, Michigan, United States)

I. Torres

(National Institute of Astrophysics, Optics and Electronics Puebla City, Mexico)

T. N. Ukwatta

(Los Alamos National Laboratory Los Alamos, New Mexico, United States)

G. Vianello

(Stanford University Stanford, California, United States)

L. Villasenor

(Benemérita Universidad Autónoma de Puebla Puebla City, Mexico)

F. Werner

(Max Planck Institute for Nuclear Physics Heidelberg, Germany)

S. Westerhoff

(University of Wisconsin–Madison Madison, Wisconsin, United States)

J. Wood

(University of Wisconsin–Madison Madison, Wisconsin, United States)

T. Yapici

(University of Rochester Rochester, New York, United States)

G. Yodh

(University of California, Irvine Irvine, California, United States)

A. Zepeda

(Center for Research and Advanced Studies of the National Polytechnic Institute)

H. Zhou

(Los Alamos National Laboratory Los Alamos, New Mexico, United States)

J. D. Alvarez

(Universidad Michoacana de San Nicolás de Hidalgo Morelia, Mexico)

M. Ajello

(Clemson University Clemson, South Carolina, United States)

L. Baldini

(University of Pisa Pisa, Toscana, Italy)

G. Barbiellini

(National Institute for Nuclear Physics Rome, Italy)

B. Berenji

(California State University Los Angeles Los Angeles, California, United States)

E. Bissaldi

(Polytechnic University of Bari Bari, Italy)

R. D. Blandford

(Stanford University Stanford, California, United States)

R. Bonino

(INFN Sezione di Torino Turin, Italy)

E. Bottacini

(Stanford University Stanford, California, United States)

T. J. Brandt

(Goddard Space Flight Center Greenbelt, Maryland, United States)

J. Bregeon

(Laboratoire Univers et Particules de Montpellier Montpellier, France)

P. Bruel

(Leprince-Ringuet Laboratory Palaiseau, France)

R. A. Cameron

(Stanford University Stanford, California, United States)

R. Caputo

(Goddard Space Flight Center Greenbelt, Maryland, United States)

P. A. Caraveo

(Istituto di Astrofisica Spaziale e Fisica Cosmica di Milano Milan, Italy)

D. Castro

(Jet Propulsion Lab La Cañada Flintridge, California, United States)

E. Cavazzuti

(Italian Space Agency)

G. Chiaro

(Istituto di Astrofisica Spaziale e Fisica Cosmica di Milano Milan, Italy)

S. Ciprini

(Italian Space Agency )

D. Costantin

(University of Padua Padova, Veneto, Italy)

F. D'Ammando

(Istituto di Radioastronomia di Bologna Bologna, Italy)

F. de Palma

(INFN Sezione di Bari Bari, Italy)

A. Desai

(Clemson University Clemson, South Carolina, United States)

N. Di Lalla

(University of Pisa Pisa, Toscana, Italy)

M. Di Mauro

(Stanford University Stanford, California, United States)

L. Di Venere

(Polytechnic University of Bari Bari, Italy)

A. Domınguez

(Complutense University of Madridl)

C. Favuzzi

(Polytechnic University of Bari Bari, Italy)

Y. Fukazawa

(Hiroshima University Hiroshima, Japan)

S. Funk

(University of Erlangen-Nuremberg Erlangen, Bayern, Germany)

P. Fusco

(Polytechnic University of Bari Bari, Italy)

F. Gargano

(INFN Sezione di Bari Bari, Italy)

D. Gasparrini

(Agenzia Spaziale Italiana Rome, Italy)

N. Giglietto

(Polytechnic University of Bari Bari, Italy)

F. Giordano

(Polytechnic University of Bari Bari, Italy)

M. Giroletti

(Istituto di Radioastronomia di Bologna Bologna, Italy)

T. Glanzman

(Stanford University Stanford, California, United States)

D. Green

(Goddard Space Flight Center Greenbelt, Maryland, United States)

I. A. Grenier

(University of Paris-Sud Orsay, France)

S. Guiriec

(George Washington University Washington D.C., District of Columbia, United States)

A. K. Harding

(Goddard Space Flight Center Greenbelt, Maryland, United States)

E. Hays

(Goddard Space Flight Center Greenbelt, Maryland, United States)

J. W. Hewitt

(University of North Florida Jacksonville, Florida, United States)

D. Horan

(Leprince-Ringuet Laboratory Palaiseau, France)

G. Johannesson

(University of Iceland Reykjavik, Suðurnes, Iceland)

M. Kuss

(INFN Sezione di Pisa Pisa, Italy)

S. Larsson

(Royal Institute of Technology Stockholm, Sweden)

I. Liodakis

(Stanford University Stanford, California, United States)

F. Longo

(National Institute for Nuclear Physics Rome, Italy)

F. Loparco

(Polytechnic University of Bari Bari, Italy)

P. Lubrano

(INFN Sezione di Perugia Perugia, Italy)

J. D. Magill

(University of Maryland, College Park College Park, Maryland, United States)

S. Maldera

(INFN Sezione di Torino Turin, Italy)

A. Manfreda

(University of Pisa Pisa, Toscana, Italy)

M. N. Mazziotta

(INFN Sezione di Bari Bari, Italy)

I. Mereu

(University of Perugia Perugia, Umbria, Italy)

P. F. Michelson

(Stanford University Stanford, California, United States)

T. Mizuno

(Hiroshima University Hiroshima, Japan)

M. E. Monzani

(Stanford University Stanford, California, United States)

A. Morselli

(INFN Sezione di Roma II Rome, Italy)

I. V. Moskalenko

(Stanford University Stanford, California, United States)

M. Negro

(INFN Sezione di Torino Turin, Italy)

E. Nuss

(Laboratoire Univers et Particules de Montpellier Montpellier, France)

N. Omodei

(Stanford University Stanford, California, United States)

M. Orienti

(Istituto di Radioastronomia di Bologna Bologna, Italy)

E. Orlando

(Stanford University Stanford, California, United States)

J. F. Ormes

(University of Denver Denver, Colorado, United States)

M. Palatiello

(University of Pisa Pisa, Toscana, Italy)

V. S. Paliya

(Clemson University Clemson, South Carolina, United States)

M. Persic

(National Institute for Nuclear Physics Rome, Italy)

M. Pesce-Rollins

(INFN Sezione di Pisa Pisa, Italy)

V. Petrosian

(Stanford University Stanford, California, United States)

F. Piron

(Laboratoire Univers et Particules de Montpellier Montpellier, France)

T. A. Porter

(Stanford University Stanford, California, United States)

G. Principe

(University of Erlangen-Nuremberg Erlangen, Bayern, Germany)

S. Raino

(Polytechnic University of Bari Bari, Italy)

B. Rani

(Goddard Space Flight Center Greenbelt, Maryland, United States)

M. Razzano

(INFN Sezione di Pisa Pisa, Italy)

S. Razzaque

(University of Johannesburg Johannesburg, South Africa)

A. Reimer

(Stanford University Stanford, California, United States)

O. Reimer

(Stanford University Stanford, California, United States)

C. Sgro

(INFN Sezione di Pisa Pisa, Italy)

E. J. Siskind

(NYCB Real-Time Computing Inc.)

G. Spandre

(INFN Sezione di Pisa Pisa, Italy)

P. Spinelli

(California State University Los Angeles Los Angeles, California, United States)

H. Tajima

(Stanford University Stanford, California, United States)

M. Takahashi

(Max Planck Institute for Physics Munich, Germany)

J. B. Thayer

(Stanford University Stanford, California, United States)

David J Thompson

(Goddard Space Flight Center Greenbelt, Maryland, United States)

D. F. Torres

(Institute of Space Sciences Barcelona, Spain)

E. Torresi

(Istituto di Astrofisica Spaziale e Fisica Cosmica di Bologna Bologna, Italy)

E. Troja

(University of Padua Padova, Veneto, Italy)

J. Valverde

(Leprince-Ringuet Laboratory Palaiseau, France)

K. Wood

(Praxis (United States) Alexandria, Virginia, United States)

M. Yassine

(National Institute for Nuclear Physics Rome, Italy)

Date Acquired

April 12, 2021

Publication Date

January 16, 2019

Publication Information

Publication: Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society

Publisher: Royal Astronomical Society / Oxford University Press

Volume: 485

Issue: 1

Issue Publication Date: May 1, 2019

ISSN: 0035-8711

e-ISSN: 1365-2966

DOI: doi:10.1093/mnras/stz089

Subject Category

Astronomy

Astrophysics

Funding Number(s)

CONTRACT_GRANT: 80NM0018D0004P00002

CONTRACT_GRANT: 80GSFC17M0002

WBS: 278710

CONTRACT_GRANT: 80KSC019C0013

CONTRACT_GRANT: NNM07AA75C

CONTRACT_GRANT: FPA2015-69818-P

CONTRACT_GRANT: FPA2012-36668

CONTRACT_GRANT: FPA2015-68378-P

CONTRACT_GRANT: FPA2015-69210-C6-2-R

CONTRACT_GRANT: FPA2015-69210-C6- 4-R

CONTRACT_GRANT: FPA2015-69210-C6-6-R

CONTRACT_GRANT: AYA2015-71042-P

CONTRACT_GRANT: AYA2016- 76012-C3-1-P

CONTRACT_GRANT: ESP2015-71662-C2-2-P

CONTRACT_GRANT: CSD2009-00064

CONTRACT_GRANT: 745/N-HESS-MAGIC/2010/0

CONTRACT_GRANT: DE-AC02-76SF00515

Distribution Limits

Public

Portions of document may include copyright protected material.

Technical Review

External Peer Committee

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