Characterization of Naturally-Occurring Particles in the NASA Langley 0.3-m Transonic Cryogenic Tunnel Using PTV

Naturally-occurring particles within the NASA Langley 0.3-m Transonic Cryogenic Tunnel are characterized for their aerodynamic performance using particle tracking velocimetry. Two sets of experiments were conducted to observe different behaviors of the particles. The normal shockwave emanating from the top surface of a supercritical airfoil was used to induce velocity lag in the particles, and the subsequent spatial decay of the velocity was used to estimate the effective diameter of the particles. Mean particle diameters between 1.6 and 1.9 𝝁m were measured, with sizes ranging from 0.2 to 3.5 𝝁m over the entire ensemble. The response of particles to separated flow was investigated. By operating in “high-lift” (low Mach number, high angle of attack) conditions with a semi-span airfoil, the ability of particles to detect separated flow on the upper surface of the airfoil was assessed. Transition from fully attached flow to fully separated flow was observed on the top surface of the airfoil accompanying a variation of angle of attack from 8° to 12°. Examination of velocity distributions indicates less than 10 percent of particle trajectories did not respond to the regions of separated flow. These results are promising, but further facility-specific work is needed to answer the broader question of particle tracking reliability.