Thermal Design for the New Era of Lunar Instruments: Lessons Learned from NASA Goddard Space Flight Center’s Instrument Design Laboratory

As NASA enters the Age of Artemis, the resurgence of interest in the Moon has not only contributed to rapid development of crewed vehicles and habitats, it has also inspired a design renaissance for robotic and astronaut-deployed instrumentation for the lunar surface. NASA Goddard Space Flight Center’s Instrument Design Laboratory (IDL) has been at the forefront of lunar instrument concept design, and in recent years has used its collaborative and concurrent process to design instruments ranging from small devices held or worn by astronauts to large lander- or rover-mounted instruments with multiple scientific or technical functions. This paper explores the wide spectrum of lunar instruments studied by the IDL within the past few years and their thermal design nuances. A series of lessons learned will be used to categorize the general trends prevalent across lunar-specific design and the thermal and systems-level drivers for instrumentation on the surface of the Moon. While the instruments investigated in this work are not named due to their competition sensitivity and proprietary nature, it is hoped that the lessons learned captured here will help identify specific design drivers and areas of focus for the thermal and systems engineers designing the next generation of lunar instrumentation.