Stabilized Mascon Solutions Through Combinations of GRACE and SLR Normal Equations

A new global mascon solution using the Gravity Recovery and Climate Experiment (GRACE) and GRACE Follow-On data is co-estimated with satellite laser ranging (SLR) measurements to seven major geodetic satellites. This combined solution is compared with an otherwise similar GRACE-only solution to determine improvements in the estimate. We find similar performance between both solutions in the recovered mass change, but significant improvements in the associated errors in the combination solution. Errors in recovered basin mass change are 10–20 per cent better for the combination solution across all basin sizes, with the greatest improvements in high-latitude ice sheets. These results lead to our recommendation that all GRACE Level 3 mascon and spherical harmonic user-oriented gridded solutions should include SLR information during the solution inversion. As an ancillary contribution, we also provide validation of the choice of truncated spherical harmonics used in determining GRACE Technical Note 14, the current recommended mechanism for including SLR information with GRACE solutions in post-processing.