Maneuvering Spacewalkers via Ground Control: A New Paradigm for Space Exploration

Since 2001 the National Aeronautics and Space Administration’s (NASA’s) International Space Station (ISS) Program has relied on the Canadarm2 robotic manipulator to perform a variety of high-risk, mission-critical tasks. Chief among these is the maneuvering of spacewalking astronauts to and from worksites and serving as an astronaut stabilization and positioning platform. These operations are referred to as arm-supported Extravehicular Activity (EVA) and must be carefully choreographed and executed as they present high risk to the crew and the vehicle. Historically, command and control of Canadarm2 during arm-supported EVA has been performed by astronauts operating inside the ISS. Recognizing the need to protect for times of reduced onboard crew complement and the need to explore novel operating concepts in support of NASA’s Artemis and Moon To Mars efforts, NASA’s Robotics Operations branch has developed novel techniques for operating Canadarm2 from the ground during arm-supported EVA. These techniques build on the branch’s long legacy of safe and efficient ground-controlled, telerobotic operations, which is briefly discussed. Also presented are considerations and lessons learned in the development, training, and execution of ground-controlled robotic support for EVA. Special attention is paid to associated risks, mitigation strategies, and considerations for future missions.