Three-dimensional, Multi-Phase CFD Modeling using an Overset Mesh with Free Surface to Simulate Wave Impacts on the Outer Shell of a Spacecraft

This analysis describes the use of a three-dimensional, multi-phase, free surface transient computational fluid dynamics (CFD) model (Star CCM+) to simulate the wave impacts (pressure) on NASA’s Orion space capsule outer shell under simulated sea conditions. The CFD analysis results will help determine pressure loads on the hull of a spacecraft test article that would assess the seakeeping/recovery effort for the Artemis lunar exploration program. CFD simulations of different wave heights, spacecraft under tow, and a simulated parachute water drop analysis are presented in the paper. The CFD study simulates the behavior of two fluids (air and water) within the same continuum incorporating the Eulerian multiphase model. The Volume of Fluid (VOF) Eulerian multiphase model is used to predict the distribution and movement of the water/air interface on the spacecraft. The Star CCM+ Overset Mesh feature and Dynamic Fluid-Body Interaction (DFBI) models are used to simulate the motion of the spacecraft on the water surface under different types of wave interactions and water impact from a simulated parachute drop test.