5 - Cryovolcanism

Cryovolcanism has been observed in several bodies in the solar system, most notably Saturn’s moon Enceladus, where jets of water vapor and other constituents are spewed into space. Here we review cryomagmatism and cryovolcanism, which are the subsurface and surface processes resulting from the mobilization and migration of fluids generated in the interiors of icy bodies. While these have no counterparts on Earth, they are important processes in the Solar System, particularly in the icy moons of the outer Solar System. We discuss mechanisms of cryomagmatism and cryovolcanism, the possible compositions of cryomagmas, and the observational evidence found so far in extraterrestrial bodies, ranging from plumes to surface features interpreted as cryovolcanic in origin.